Gastrointestinal (Abdomen / Intestines)
Common Issues
Gastroenteritis:
This refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever.
- Check vitals
- Replace lost fluids and electrolytes (gatorade or banana bag)
- Provide relief for symptoms (give anti-nausea/antiemetic medication)
- Monitor fluid intake/output closely
- Educate on hand-washing
- Collect stool sample if necessary
- Prescribe medication like antibiotics (if bacterial)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Symptoms include heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation of food or sour liquid.
- Check vitals
- Ask about frequency/severity of heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, regurgitation
- Evaluate for any red flag symptoms or signs, such as dysphagia, odynophagia, unintentional weight loss, or gastrointestinal bleeding, which may indicate complications or other underlying conditions.
- Provide symptomatic relief
- Acid Reflux - (calcium carbonate or magnesuim hydrozide)
- Acid reducers - ( H2 blockers like ranitidine, Proton pump inhibitor like omeprazole)
- Encourage lifestyle modifications
- Reduce smoking
- Elevation of head of the bed during sleep
- Avoiding lying down after meals
Peptic Ulcers:
Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):
A common disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.
Diverticulitis:
Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the digestive system, especially the colon. Symptoms include abdominal pain (usually on the left side), fever, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits.